Министерство общего и профессионального образования
Государственное автономное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Свердловской области
«Екатеринбургский автомобильно-дорожный колледж»
Методическое пособиедля студентов заочного отделенияЕкатеринбург 2015
Одобрено
ПЦК общих гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин
Протокол № от 2015
Председатель ПЦК _________________________ /Филипась Л.П./
Автор: Ярчук Н.Е.
Данная методическая разработка предназначена для студентов заочного отделения средних специальных учебных заведений, изучающих английский язык дистанционно
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение …………………………………………………………….. 4
Вариант 1……………………………………………………………. 5
Вариант 2……………………………………………………………. 6
Вариант 3……………………………………………………………. 7
Вариант 4……………………………………………………………. 9
Вариант 5……………………………………………………………. 11
Вариант 6……………………………………………………………. 13
Вариант7…………………………………………………………….. 15
Вариант 8……………………………………………………………. 17
Перечень рекомендуемых учебных изданий …………………... 18
Основные источники ……………………………………………… 18
Дополнительные источники ……………………………………... 18
Интернет-ресурсы …………………………………………………. 18
ВведениеДанное пособие предназначено для студентов заочного отделения, дистанционно изучающих английский язык. Цель методического пособия – научить студентов переводить тексты по специальности. В пособие включено 8 вариантов заданий, в каждом из которых имеется текст, словарь, содержащий необходимый для понимания содержания текста, а также послетекстовые упражнения, направленные на активизацию материала.
Задания, представленные в пособии различной степени трудности: варианты 1,2,3 для начинающих, 4, 5,6 – средней,, 7, 8 – повышенной сложности. Студенты могут выбирать задание в соответствии со своим уровнем владения английским языком.
К пособию прилагается список литературы, который поможет в работе над данными заданиями. Данные задания имеются в электронном виде у методистов заочного отделения.
Вариант 1
Переведите текст, ответьте на вопросы, данные после текста.
The UAS Model
This model is built by the Ulyanovsk Plant. All its wheels are driving ones. Roadless is easily overcome at medium speeds. This model possesses good road stability and is easy to control. Well-balanced gearbox, effective brakes provide additional conveniences for the driver. Maintenance of the car is simple. The body is all-metal, two-door, eight-seater construction. The clutch is of a single dry plate type.
The transmission has three forward and one reverse speeds.
At what plant is the model built?
At what speeds is roadless overcome?
Is this model easy to control?
How many speeds has the transmission?
Закончите предложения, используя текст.
This model is built at…
Roadless is easily overcome…
The body is…
The transmission has…
Составьте перечень основных характеристик автомобиля.
Словарь
WHEEL-КОПЕСО
ROADLESS-БЕЗДОРОЖЬЕ
SPEED-СКОРОСТЬ
GEARBOX-КОРОБКА ПЕРЕДАЧ
BRAKES-ТОРМОЗА
DRIVER-ВОДИТЕЛЬ
MAINTENANCE- ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЕ
BODY-КУЗОВ
CLUTCH-СЦЕПЛЕНИЕ
TRANSMISSIION-ТРАНСМИССИЯ
Вариант 2
Переведите текст, ответьте на вопросы, данные после текста.
The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the engine, the body and the chassis. The engine is the source of power and makes the car move.
The chassis consists of the transmission and running gear (frame, springs and wheels). The transmission carries the power from the engine to the wheels. It consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential. The transmission also includes the steering system and brakes.
The body has the hood, fenders, the heater and so on.
What main components is the automobile made up of?
What is the source of power?
What units does the chassis include?
What does the transmission do?
Закончите предложения
The automobile is made up of …
The engine is …
The transmission carries the power …
The body has …
Выберите из текста и запишите термины, относящиеся к transmission (трансмиссии).
Словарь
Engine – двигатель
Body - кузов
Power - мощность, сила
Running gear – ходовая часть
Frame - рама
Springs - рессоры
Wheels - колеса
Clutch - сцепление
Heater – обогреватель
Gear box – коробка передач
Propeller shaft – карданный вал
Rear axle – задний мост
Final drive – главная передача
Steering system – система рулевого управления
Brakes – тормоза
Hood – капот
Fenders – крылья
Вариант 3
Переведите текст на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы, данные после текста
The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes fuel, cooling, lubricating and electric systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.
The chassis includes a power transmission a running gear, steering and braking systems.
The power transmission contains the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, final drive, differential, rear axle and axle shafts. The running gear consists of a frame with axles, wheels and springs.
The body has a hood, fenders and accessories: the hater, stereo tape recorder, windshield wipes, conditioner, speedometer and so on.
What is the function of the engine?
What systems does the engine include?
What does the chassis consist of?
What has the body?
Закончите предложения
The engine is …
The engine includes …
The chassis includes …
The body has …
Выберите из текста и запишите термины, относящиеся к body (кузову).
Словарь
Engine – двигатель
Power - мощность, сила
Wheels – колеса
Fuel – топливо
Cooling system – система охлаждения
Lubricating system – система смазки
Gearbox – коробка передач
Final drive – главная передача
Axle shafts - полуоси
Frame - рама
Springs – рессоры Running gear – ходовая часть
Steering system – система рулевого управления
Braking system – система торможения
Clutch - сцепление
Rear axle – задний мост
Body - кузов
Propeller shaft – карданный вал
Hood – капот
Fenders – крылья
Wind shield – ветровое стекло
Вариант 4
Переведите текст ответьте на вопросы данные после текста
Highway location and plans
Highway surveys are the investigations of economic, technical and natural conditions in which construction and operation of the road will be carried out. The purpose of road surveys is to determine optimum technical-economic decision for designing, construction and operation of the road.
The main tasks of road- economic surveys are: the establishment of goods traffic directions; the determination of freight turnover and traffic volume on the road; the economic substantiation and cost of the construction of the road; the substantiation of the technical norms of the road; making title lists and the determination of the construction period.
The main tasks of technical surveys are: the choice of the route location according to natural, local and other conditions; the determination of the best geometric elements of the route; the choice of rational road-building materials; the graphic design of the project with calculations; the choice of progressive road technologies.
The design of a given road or a highway involves the consideration of many factors. The designer must first establish the traffic volume to be carried at the beginning and at the end of the roadway’s probable life. A speed for which the highway is to be designed must be established and the maximum gradient decided. Speed and gradient determine the vertical and the horizontal alignment .
The choice of the route location determines the disposition of all the road structures.
It is also necessary to visualize and try to take into account all the subsequent changes that are likely to occur after the construction of the motorway.
What are highway surveys?
What are the main tasks of road-economic surveys?
What are the main tasks of technical surveys?
What do speed and gradient determine?
What is necessary to take into account during road designing?
2. Закончите предложения
Highway surveys are…
The main task of road-economic surveys are..The main task of technical surveys are…
The choice of the route location determines…
Словарь
SURVEY-изыскания
ROUTE-маршрут, трасса
ALIGNMENT-выравнивание, трассирование
CURVE-дуга, кривая
GRADIENT-уклон
GRADE-уклон, подъем
SUPERELEVATION-возвышение
CONTOUR-контур, горизонталь
SCALE-масштаб
Вариант 5
ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ. ОТВЕТЬТЕ НА ВОПРОСЫ, ДАННЫЕ ПОСЛЕ ТЕКСТА
CLASSIFICATION OF EARTH-MOVING MACHINERY
Highway construction machinery can be divided into categories:
Earth-moving machinery;
Road-building machinery;
Concrete mixing and placing machinery.
Earth moving is accomplished with bulldozers, escavators, scrapers, motor graders and loaders.
Site preparation and excavation are the most fully mechanized of all the operations in building construction. Most excavating machinery is heavy and slow-moving and must be carried from site to site on special transporters.
Plant for site preparation and excavation can be divided into four classes. Fiest, machines which plane off a thin layer of soil and push it in front of them. Second, machines which plane off a thin layer of soil, at the same time picking it up and carrying it where required. Third, machines which dig out soil by some form of a bucket, and load it for transportation into separate vehicles. Fourth, machines designed specially for trenching by means of a number buckets mounted either on a continuous chain or on a wheel.
In the first class are bulldozers of different types. A bulldozer is an earth-moving machine which carries out its work with the aid of a blade mounted on a tractor of either. Crawler or wheel type.A scraper, which belongs to the second class of earth-moving machines, is simply a large box with an open mouth, dragged along the surface of the ground until it is full. There is a considerable variety of the scrapers.
Revolving shovels belong to the third class of earth-moving machines, made their first appearance in 1835.
Into what categories can highway construction machinery be divided?
What are the characteristic features of most excavating machinery?
Into what classes can the plant for site preparation and excavation be divided?
КРАТКО ОХАРАКТЕРИЗУЙТЕ КАЖДЫЙ КЛАСС ЗЕМЛЕРОЙНО-ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ.
Словарь
EARTH_MOVING MACHINERY-землеройно-транспортная техника
EXCAVATION- земляные работы
BUCKET- ковш
PLANE OFF- снимать слой
DIG OUT- копать
REVOLVING SHOVEL- поворотная лопата
SITE-строительная площадка
PLANT- механическое оборудование
TRENCHING- рытье траншей
DRAG- тащить
MOUNT- монтировать
LOADER- погрузчик
Вариант 6
ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ TЕКСТ И ОТВЕТЬТЕ НА ВОПРОСЫ, ДАННЫЕ ПОСЛЕ ТЕКСТА
TRANSPORTATION AND ROADS. Transportation is a system consisting of three components: 1)driver 2)vehicle 3) road. Whenever any one of these three components fails, the whole system fail.
1. Driver. Of all components driver is the most powerful component influencing safety on the road. Studies show that 86% of the serious accidents are caused by drivers.
2. Vehicle. This component also plays a vital part in determining safety on roads. Just like an unsafe driver, an unsafe vehicle is a source of constant danger in a road transportation system. With the growing percentage of old vehicles the risk of accidents on road grows considerably. This risk could be minimized by eliminating unsafe vehicles from roads. One way of doing it is to carry out periodical inspection of old vehicles.
3.Road.To ensure maximum safety for the transportation system ,it is very necessary to plan and design highways on modern engineering techniques. It is possible to obtain maximum safety on highways by controlling their geometry, providing sight distances for the speeds, which is desirable to obtain on these highways.
The traffic on the road has completely alerted within the last twenty-five years and therefore the existing system of roads in many countries should also be changed, in order to meet modern requirements. The modern trend is towards national and consequently uniform planning, design and construction.
What are the three main components of transportation?
Which of the three components is the most important?
Why is it necessary to inspect the old vehicles periodically?
How should highways be designed to ensure safety?
Why should the existing system of roads be changed?
ЗАКОНЧИТЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
Transportation system is…
Driver is…
An unsafe vehicle is…
To ensure maximum safety for the transportation system, it is very necessary…
Словарь
DRIVER-водитель
VEHICLE-транспортное средство
ROAD-дорога SAFETY-безопасность
ACCIDENT-авария
TRAFFIC-транспорт
Вариант 7
ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ. ОТВЕТЬТЕ НА ВОПРОСЫ,ДАННЫЕ ПОСЛЕ ТЕКСТА.
FROM THE HISTORY OF ROADS. A road is a travelled way on which people, animals, or wheeled vehicles move.
The earliest roads developed from the paths and trails of prehistoric peoples; their construction was concurrent with the appearance of wheeled vehicles which was probably in the area between the Caucasus Mountains and the Persian Gulf sometime before 3000BC.
The first major road was the Persian Royal Road .The “Amber roads “ were the earliest European roads ad extended from Greece and Tuscany to the Baltic Sea. In East Asia the Chinese built a road system that linked its major cities and had a length of about 3200 km.
The Romans were the first to construct roads scientifically. Their roads were strait and the best roads were composed of a graded soil foundation that was topped by four layers: a bedding of sand or mortar; rows of large, flat stones; a thin layer of gravel mixed with lime; and finally a thin wearing surface of lava.
What is a road?
What road was the first major road?
Where did the first European road appear?
Who began to construct roads scientifically?
Of how many layers did the Roman road consist?
ЗАКОНЧИТЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
A road is…
The earliest roads developed from…
The “Amber Routes” were…
The Romans were the first…
Словарь
ROAD-дорога
VEHICLE-транспортное средство
TRAFFIC- транспорт
TO LINK- соединять
SOIL-почва
STONE-камень
AMBER ROUTES-янтарные маршруты
LAYER-слой
SAND-песок
BEDDING-основание
MORTAR-раствор
SURFACE-поверхность
LIME-известь
Вариант 8
ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ И ОТВЕТЬТЕ НА ВОПРОСЫ,ДАННЫЕ ПОСЛЕ ТЕКСТА.
BRITISH ROADS
British roads are classified in three groups. The arterial roads, so called because they may be compared to the arteries in the human body, are known as A or Class 1 roads. The arterial roads include the principal roads radiating from London to far parts of the country,and many roads joining big cities.The second group is B or Class 2 roads which are a little less important than A group. Last comes a third group which has no official name. Each road of the first two classes,A and B ,has a different number, which appears on all signposts, so a driver can find his way across Britain if he has previously looked up the number on a map.
The crowded state of the British roads caused many accidents and delays even before World War 2 and became much worse afterwards. In the late 1950s a programme was begun for building some 400 miles of motorways in the form of a network over the country. These modern highways were built with fly-over junctions and crossings and now they form part of a system of motorways across Europe.
A motorway is usually designed with two carriage-ways, one for traffic in each direction. These should be at least 30 feet apart to avoid the vision of drivers being dazzled by the lights of vehicles coming the other way.
What roads are included in Class1 roads?
Why are Class 1 roads called arterial roads?
What work in road building in Great Britain was done in the 1950s?
How is a motorway usually designed?
ЗАКОНЧИТЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
British roads are classified into…
The arterial roads may be compared to…
The second group of roads contains…
Last comes a third group…
Словарь
ROAD-дорога
TO CONSIST OF-состоять из
ACCIDENT-авария NETWORK-сеть
CARRIAGE-WAY-полоса движения
VEHICLE-транспортное средство
Перечень рекомендуемых учебных изданий, Интернет-ресурсов, дополнительной литературы
Основные источники:
1) Шевцова Г.В., Лебедева О.Г. Английский язык для специальности «Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство». Учебное пособие для студентов учреждений высшего профессионального образования. М.- Издательский центр «Академия», 2011. – 320 с.
2) Английский язык для дорожно-строительных специальностей средний профессиональных учебных заведений. Учебное пособие. /под ред. Самарцева Р.С. 2007. -311 с.
3) Агабекян И.П. Английский язык для ссузов: учебное пособие. – М.: ТК Велби, Издательство Проспект, 2006.-320с.
4) Голубев А.П. Учебное пособие для студ. сред. учеб. заведений:- М.Издательский центр «Академия»,2006.-336с.
5) Блох М.Я. Практикум по английскому языку: грамматика: сборник упражнений М.Я.Блох, А.Я.Лебедева, В.С.Денисова.-М.:Астрель, 2008.- 238.
Дополнительные источники:
6) Лабода Т.Е. Английский язык. Весь школьный курс в таблицах: учебное пособие. Минск: Современная школа, 2007.-256с.
7) Карпова Т.А. Английский для колледжей: Учебное пособие. – М.: Издательско-торговая корпорация «Дашков и К°», 2005.-195с.
8) Wildman J. Matrix. Foundation Student’s Book – Oxford University Press, 2005.-234с.
9) Wildman J. Matrix. Foundation Workbook – Oxford University Press, 2005.-234с.
10) Swan M. Practical English Usage/ Oxford University Press, 2007,167с.
11) Электронный ресурс Википедия Энциклопедия на английском языке. Формы доступа: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_London
Интернет-ресурсы:
1) http://www.learn-english.ru
2) http://www.englishforbusiness.ru
3) http://www.homeenglish.ru
4) http://www.english-at-home.com
5) http://www.angl.by.ru/map.htm
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